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Mungkin ada orang yang punya hutang pada orang lain, ketika ia punya uang untuk membayar dan mampu, ia tidak segera melunasinya. Ia malah sibuk membeli kebutuhan tersier atau mewah bahkan pamer. Ini tidak dibenarkan dalam ajaran Islam.
Agama islam menekankan bahwa yang namanya hutang itu adalah darurat. Tidak bermudah-mudah berhutang dan hanya dilakukan di saat sangat dibutuhkan saja. Jika sudah mampu membayar, maka segera bayar. Jika sengaja memunda membayar hutang padahal mampu ini adalah kedzaliman.
Rasulullah SAW bersabda, “Penundaan (pembayaran hutang dari) seorang yang kaya adalah sebuah kelaliman, maka jika salah seorang dari kalian dipindahkan kepada seorang yang kaya maka ikutilah.” (HR Bukhari)
Sangat bahaya dan rugi dunia-akhirat, jika sengaja menunda membayar hutang padahal mampu. Berikut beberapa hal tersebut:
1. Jika meninggal dan membawa hutang, ia akan terhalang masuk surga meskipun mati syahid
Rasulullah SAW bersabda, “Demi yang jiwaku ada ditanganNya, seandainya seorang laki-laki terbunuh di jalan Allah, kemudian dihidupkan lagi, lalu dia terbunuh lagi dua kali, dan dia masih punya hutang, maka dia tidak akan masuk surga sampai hutangnya itu dilunasi.” (HR Ahmad, An-Nasa’i dan At-Thabarani)
2. Keadaannya atau nasibnya menggantung/tidak jelas atau tidak pasti apakah akan selamat atau binasa
Tentu kita sangat tidak senang dengan ketidakpastian, apalagi urusannya adalah di akhirat nanti yaitu antara surga atau neraka. Rasulullah SAW bersabda, “Jiwa seorang mukmin tergantung karena hutangnya, sampai hutang itu dilunaskannya.” (HR Tirmidzu dan Ibnu Majah)
Syaikh Abul ‘Ala Al-Mubarfkafuri menjelaskan hadits ini,
“Berkata As Suyuthi, yaitu orang tersebut tertahan untuk mencapai tempatnya yang mulia. Sementara Imam Al ‘Iraqi mengatakan urusan orang tersebut terhenti (tidak diapa-apakan), sehingga tidak bisa dihukumi sebagai orang yang selamat atau binasa, sampai ada kejelasan nasib hutangnya itu sudah dibayar atau belum.” (Tuhfah Al Ahwadzi, 4/164)
3. Sahabat yang punya hutang tidak dishalati oleh Rasulullah SAW, padahal shalat beliau adalah syafaat
Dari Jabir radhiallahu ‘anhu, dia berkata, “Adalah Rasulullah SAW tidak menshalatkan laki-laki yang memiliki hutang. Lalu didatangkan mayit ke hadapannya. Beliau bersabda, “Apakah dia punya hutang?” Mereka menjawab: “Ya, dua dinar. Beliau bersabda,“Shalatlah untuk sahabat kalian.” (HR Abu Daud)
Maksudnya adalah Rasulullah SAW ingin menjelaskan kepada para sahabatnya bahwa, hutang sangat tidak layak ditunda dibayar sampai meninggal, padahal ia sudah mampu membayarnya.
Ibnu Qayyim Al-Jauziyah menjelaskan bahwa shalat Rasulullah SAW adalah syafaat. Beliau berkata,
“Jika didatangkan kepada Rasulullah SAW seorang mayit, lalu dia hendak menshalatkan maka Beliau akan bertanya, apakah dia punya hutang atau tidak? Jika dia tidak punya hutang maka Beliau menshalatkannya, jika dia punya hutang maka Beliau tidak mau menshalatkannya, namun mengizinkan para sahabat menshalatkan mayit itu. Sesungguhnya shalat Beliau (untuk si mayit) adalah syafaat (penolong) dan syafaat Beliau adalah hal yang pasti.” (Zaadul Ma’ad, 1/486)
4. Orang yang berhurang dan berniat tidak mau melunasi , akan bertemu dengan Allah dengan status sebagai pencuri
Rasulullah SAW bersabda, “Siapa saja yang berhutang lalu berniat tidak mau melunasinya, maka dia akan bertemu Allah (pada hari kiamat) dalam status sebagai pencuri.” (HR Ibnu Majah)
5. Status berhutang membuat pelakunya mendapatkan kehinaan di siang hari dan kegelisahan di malam hari
Umar bin Abdul Aziz berkata, “Aku wasiatkan kepada kalian agar tidak berhutang, meskipun kalian merasakan kesulitan, karena sesungguhnya hutang adalah kehinaan di siang hari kesengsaraan di malam hari, tinggalkanlah ia, niscaya martabat dan harga diri kalian akan selamat, dan masih tersisa kemuliaan bagi kalian di tengah- tengah manusia selama kalian hidup.” (Umar bin Abdul Aziz Ma’alim Al Ishlah wa At Tajdid, 2/71)
Bagi yang memang harus berhutang karena terpaksa dan darurat, tidak perlu terlalu khawatir karena jika memang terpaksa dan berniat benar-benar membayar, maka akan dibantu oleh Allah. Ancaman tersebut bagi orang yang punya harta dan berniat tidak membayarnya.
Al-Munawi menjelaskan,
“Pembicaraan mengenai hal ini berlaku pada siapa saja yang mengingkari hutangnya. Ada pun bagi orang yang berhutang dengan cara yang diperbolehkan dan dia tidak menyelisihi janjinya, maka dia tidaklah terhalang dari surga baik sebagai syahid atau lainnya.”
Ash-Shan’ani juga menegaskan demikian, yaitu bagi mwreka yang berhutang tapi berniat tidak mau melunasinya. Beliau berkata, “Yang demikian itu diartikan bagi siapa saja yang berhutang namun dia tidak berniat untuk melunasinya.”
sumber: islampos.com[:en]
Maybe there are people who have debts to others when he has money to pay and is able to but does not immediately pay it off. He was even busy buying tertiary or luxury needs and even showing off. This is not justified in the teachings of Islam.
Islamic religion emphasizes that the name of debt is an emergency. It is not easy to go into debt and one only does it when it’s really needed. If you are able to pay, then immediately pay it off. If you deliberately postpone paying debts when you are able then this is tyranny.
The Prophet PBUH said, “Delaying (payment of the debt from) a rich person is a crime, so if one of you is transferred to a rich person then follow.” (HR Bukhari)
Very dangerous and loss of this world until the hereafter, if you deliberately delay paying off debt when you can. Here are some reasons to pay your debt off immediately:
1. If one dies and brings debt, he will be prevented from going to heaven despite passing away as a shaheed/martyr.
Rasulullah SAW said, “For the sake of my soul is in His hands, if a man is killed in the way of Allah, then revived, then he is killed again twice, and he still has a debt, then he will not enter heaven until the debt is paid off.” (Ahmad Ahmad, An-Nasa’i and At-Th reads)
2. The situation or fate is unclear or uncertain whether it will survive or perish.
Certainly, we are very unhappy with uncertainty, moreover the business of the hereafter, which is between heaven or hell. Rasulullah SAW said, “The soul of a believer depends on his debt until the debt is paid off.” (HR Tirmidzu and Ibn Majah)
Shaykh Abul ‘Ala Al-Mubarfkafuri explained this hadith,
“Said As Suyuthi, the person is retained to reach his noble place. While Imam Al ‘Iraqi said that the affairs of the person were stopped so that they could not be punished as survivors or perished until there was clarity about the fate of the debt which had been paid or not.” (Tuhfah Al Ahwadzi, 4/164)
3. Friends who have debts are not disregarded by the Prophet Muhammad, even though his prayer is the intercession
From Jabir radhiallahu ‘anhu, he said, “The Prophet PBUH did not pray to those who have debts. Once, a deceased is brought before him. He asked, “Does he have a debt?” They answered: “Yes, two dinars. He said, “Pray for your friends.” (Narrated by Abu Daud)
The point is that the Messenger of Allāh wanted to explain to his companions that, debt is not feasible to postpone until death, even though he was able to pay it.
Ibn Qayyim Al-Jauziyah explained that the prayer of the Prophet SAW is intercession. He said,
“If it is brought to the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) a deceased, and wants to make a statement then he will ask, does he have a debt or not? If he has no debt, he prays him, if the deceased has debt then the prophet does not want to pray him, but allows his friends to pray for the deceased. Verily His prayer (for the deceased) is intercession (helper) and His intercession is a sure thing.” (Zaadul Ma’ad, 1/486)
4. People who lack and intend not to pay off will meet with Allah with the status of a thief.
Rasulullah SAW said, “Anyone who is in debt and then intends not to pay it off, then he will meet Allah (on the Day of Judgment) in the status of a thief.” (HR Ibnu Majah)
5. Debt status makes the perpetrators get humiliation during the day and anxiety at night
Umar bin Abdul Aziz said, “I will testify to you not to owe, even though you feel difficulties, because in fact debt is an insult during the day and a misery at night, leave the debt, surely Your dignity and self-respect will be saved, and you will still have glory in the midst of humans as long as you live.” (Umar bin Abdul Aziz Ma’alim Al Ishlah wa At Tajdid, 2/71)
For those who really owe money because they are forced to and is an emergency, no need to worry too much because if it is forced and one intends to actually pay it off, it will be helped by Allah. The threat is for people who have a property and intend not to pay it.
Al-Munawi explained,
“The discussion on this matter applies to anyone who denies his debt. There is also for those who owe in the manner permitted and he does not keep his promises, so he is not obstructed from heaven either as a shaheed or others.”
Ash-Shan’ani also asserted so, namely for those who owe but intend not to pay it off. He said, “That is meant for anyone who is in debt but he does not intend to pay it off.”
Source: islampos.com[:]
